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George A. Bonanno is a professor of clinical psychology at Teachers College, Columbia University, U.S.A. He is responsible for introducing the controversial idea of resilience to the study of loss and trauma. He is known as a pioneering researcher in the field of bereavement and trauma.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Columbia Discovery Service )〕〔Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, Professor of Psychology, Yale University, “Bonanno has revolutionized our thinking about how people respond to loss and trauma. The Other Side of Sadness has tremendous implications for interventions and for how people see themselves.” 〕〔Daniel Gilbert, Professor of Psychology, Harvard University; author of (Stumbling on Happiness ), “There are a lot of books on bereavement and now you can throw them all away. Bonanno carefully assembles scientific evidence to show that most of what we thought we knew is just plain wrong.”〕〔http://www.tc.columbia.edu/faculty/index.htm?facid=gab38 George A. Bonanno's Columbia University Faculty Page〕 The New York Times on February 15, 2011, stated that the current science of bereavement has been "driven primarily" by Bonanno. Scientific American summarized a main finding of his work, "The ability to rebound remains the norm throughout adult life."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Neuroscience of True Grit - Scientific American )〕 An article in ''Lingua Franca'' described Bonanno as resembling "the Grim Reaper himself, albeit in tanned, rested form."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Emily Nussbaum: Good Grief! )〕 ==Contributions to the field== Bonanno's contributions to the field, summarized in his book, "The Other Side of Sadness: What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After a Loss,"〔http://www.perseusbooksgroup.com/basic/book_detail.jsp?isbn=0465013600 The Other Side of Sadness: What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After a Loss〕 include the following: * The idea that Resilience is the most common, natural reaction to loss or trauma. * Introducing rigorous scientific methods of research to the field of bereavement and trauma;〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Neuroscience of True Grit - Scientific American )〕 * Describing for the first time, a natural resilience as the main component of grief and trauma reactions〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=5 January 2004 )〕 in people who face major losses, such as the death of a spouse, the loss of a child, having suffered sexual abuse as a child, or losing a loved one in severe stressor events, such as the World Trade Center collapse of 9-11-01; * Replacing with scientific findings the major concepts of grief that are theoretical, unsupported scientifically, but remain popular among practitioners and the lay public today, such as Kübler-Ross model of the stages of grief and the idea of grief work based on the Freud's ideas;〔〔http://www.boston.com/news/globe/health_science/articles/2006/01/09/some_comfort_for_the_grieving_theres_no_wrong_way_to_do_it/ Boston Globe Business Day Article: Some comfort for the grieving: There's no wrong way to do it〕 * Demonstrating scientifically that some practices common in grief counseling, trauma counseling, and among therapists after potentially traumatic events can be harmful.〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=24 November 2010 )〕 These practices include asking people to talk about a loss〔 or to cry about a loss. These practices are common parts of public policy and are based on the underlying assumption that people are not resilient; * Showing that genuine laughter and smiling is a healthy response to a loss or stressor event;〔 is protective;〔 * The first and only researcher having obtained and used pre-loss data to understand the processes of grief; * Based on pre-loss data, outlining four trajectories of grief;〔 * Demonstrating that absence of grief or trauma symptoms is a healthy outcome, rather than something to be feared as has been the thought and practice until his research;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Neuroscience of True Grit - Scientific American )〕 * Coining the phrase "coping ugly" to describe the idea that coping with grief takes many forms, some of which seem counter intuitive.〔 * Because resilience is natural, suggesting that it cannot be "taught" through specialized programs〔 and that there is virtually no existing research to design resilience training nor is there existing research to support major investment in such things as military resilience training programs;〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Bonanno」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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